留春不住,费尽莺儿语。
满地残红宫锦污,昨夜南园风雨。
小怜初上琵琶,晓来思绕天涯。
不肯画堂朱户,春风自在杨花。
译文
Pure, Serene Music
Wang Anguo
Spring cannot be retained,
Though orioles have exhausted their song.
The ground is strewn with fallen reds like brocade stained.
The southern garden washed by rain all the night long.
For the first time the songstress plucks the pipa string;
At dawn her yearning soars into the sky.
The painted hall with crimson door is no place for spring;
The vernal breeze with willowdown wafts high.
注释
Pure, Serene Music
Wang Anguo
Spring cannot be retained,
Though orioles have exhausted their song.
The ground is strewn with fallen reds like brocade stained.
The southern garden washed by rain all the night long.
For the first time the songstress plucks the pipa string;
At dawn her yearning soars into the sky.
The painted hall with crimson door is no place for spring;
The vernal breeze with willowdown wafts high.
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Pure, Serene Music
Wang Anguo
Spring cannot be retained,
Though orioles have exhausted their song.
The ground is strewn with fallen reds like brocade stained.
The southern garden washed by rain all the night long.
For the first time the songstress plucks the pipa string;
At dawn her yearning soars into the sky.
The painted hall with crimson door is no place for spring;
The vernal breeze with willowdown wafts high.
Pure, Serene Music
Wang Anguo
Spring cannot be retained,
Though orioles have exhausted their song.
The ground is strewn with fallen reds like brocade stained.
The southern garden washed by rain all the night long.
For the first time the songstress plucks the pipa string;
At dawn her yearning soars into the sky.
The painted hall with crimson door is no place for spring;
The vernal breeze with willowdown wafts high.
此词交叉地写听觉与视觉的感受,从音响与色彩两个方面勾勒出一幅残败的暮春图画,表达了词人伤春、惜春、慨叹美好年华逝去的情怀,寄寓了作者深沉的身世感慨。全词融情于景,写景中融进了自己的生活,写出了自己的性情与风骨,堪称一首出类拔萃的伤春词。
词题为《春晚》,顾名思义是写残春景象。“留春不住,费尽莺儿语。满地残红宫锦污,昨夜南园风雨。”作者一起笔就写由于“昨夜雨疏风骤”,南园今朝满地残红了。词人面对这万花凋谢的景象,自然不胜伤感。此时耳边传来了黄莺儿不停的啼唱,于是,他仿佛感觉到多情的莺儿也正为落花发愁,苦劝春天不要归去呢。“留春不住,费尽莺儿语”,好象词人叹息。写莺语的“费尽”,实是衬托出词人的失落感,因为花开花谢,春去秋来,是自然规律与莺儿无关。妙词人赋予禽鸟以人的感情,不直说自己无计留春之苦,而是借莺儿之口吐露此情,手法新巧而又饶有韵味。
开头从听莺声写起,转而便诉诸视觉。一夜风雨过后,园花凋谢,残红败蕊,满地飘零,狼藉不堪。百花盛开时,灿烂本如宫锦,可惜如今给糟塌得不成样子了!“满地残红”自是残春时节的典型景色,比之美好宫锦之被污损,词人痛惜之情可见。
下面又从视觉转到听觉上来:正当词人目睹这如花似锦的春天匆匆消逝,心中无限惆怅之时,仿佛从远处传来歌女小怜之辈弹奏琵琶的声音,“弦弦掩抑声声思”,那弦弦声声正是惜春惜花之情。小怜,即北齐后主高纬宠幸的冯淑妃,因她“慧黠能弹琵琶,后代诗人常用以借指歌女。本词中”小怜初上琵琶“,是从李驾《冯小怜》诗”湾头见小怜,请上琵琶弦“句化出。这琶琶之声哀婉动人,当此即将逝去的春宵,有多少闺中佳人长夜不眠,那剪不断理还乱的情思飞越千里关山,追寻天涯游子。这里,作者抒写的是由春天的匆匆归去而引起的年华虚度之感,隐隐寄托着一种美人迟暮、英雄末路的悲慨。
最后,词人写到眼前触目皆是的杨花——这一暮春特有的风光:只见那如雪的飞花飘扬,是那样的自由自,可始终不肯飞入那权贵人家的画堂朱户。
古来伤春愁秋的诗词多得不可胜数。这类被人嚼烂了的题材,却是历代不乏佳篇,非但不使人感到老一套,相反,永远有新鲜之感。王安国这首《清平乐》就是这样的好词。